'Photoshop'

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"Realistic Eye Texture Painting" by Krishnamurti Martins Costa


12. Duplicate this layer that you have just painted and alter the color (Ctrl+U again) for one more orange or brown. Choose another layer mixing type to produce a result as the one shown below. Rotate and resize that layer and, if necessary, alter the layer transparency to get a satisfactory result:
13. Softening the iris outlines to break the painting aspect. For that, use: Filter> Blur> Gaussian Blur... Choose a value not very high for not blotting too much. In this case, I used "6":
14. To darken and to delimit the outline of the iris, use the drop shadow with "Distance=0", little or no "Spread" and the best value that you find in "Size". Change "Blend Mode" to produce the best effect. Tip: you can also use "Outer Glow" to reinforce the shadows, like shown:
15. Select the layers where you painted the radial waves and apply a drop shadow, so their lines will have volume and seem like fibers:
16. To randomize a bit, create a new layer, select the white color for the background and the black for foreground and apply "Render > Clouds" filter. Blur their borders using gaussian blur filter and a few times:
17. Add more details to the layers where you worked the irregularities. Create a circular selection and go in the menu "Edit > Stroke... ". Choose a high value for the stroke (12, 14 etc). Applying the stroke you will obtain a result like this:
18. Use the gaussian blur again with a high value, according to the image on the left:
19. Resize that layer to center of the iris, adding certain depth in that central area:
20. We will begin the blood vessels creating a new layer, choosing a red color but with a little bit of orange, to break the red aspect. Choose a very small brush and begin painting at the center-borders and borders-center directions:
21. Create a new layer and add more veins larger and smaller:
22. Create another layer and add a red border as indicated on the left:
23. Create other layer where you will add some small blood vessels, creating some stains in the located area between the iris and the white area of eye surface:
24. Here is the "final" version (don't worry about the reddest parts. It practically will disappear in your character's eye):
25. Here a close-up to see the details better:
 
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