'3D Studio Max'

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"How to Greeble a City" by Johannes Schlörb
 In this tutorial you will (hopefully) learn how to utilize Tom Hudson's popular Greeble plugin to support you in the process of creating a large-scale city model. If you haven't done so already, go download it now. Greeble is a mesh modifier, so after installation you will find it in your modifier rollout.
 In three parts we will discuss the modelling, texturing, lighting and overall scene setup to create something like the Metropolis model I did a few years ago. You can see it in action as part of the "Jetride" demo animation for BoomerLabs' Foley Studio MAX, or in the animations gallery of my website.
 The first step will be to create a plane with -say- 25 subdivisions in either axis.
 Note that the model we are going to build here is just a small cut-out of a typical downtown area. You will need some more unique tiles of this kind to make up a credible megacity environment. So if you want to handle larger chunks of your cityscape at a time, you might want to go for a higher subdivision level right from the beginning. The higher the amount of subdivisions, the more building blocks and streets you will get per plane.
 When preparing the mesh for blanking the street pattern, use EditMesh to select every 3rd or 4th row, at first only horizontal.
 If you wish, you can also select two contigous rows at once to make up one wide avenue, as shown in the example.
 Unselected areas form the lots for our building blocks.
 Since streets usually aren't as broad as the blocks they enclose, we need to narrow them a little. Do a non-uniform scale in y-direction down to approx. 60% of the original width.
 You can delete the selected faces afterwards, because we don't need them for our greeble work. The streets themselves will be mapped on a separate plane much later.
 Now do the same procedure for the streets in y-direction: select a few rows, not necessarily continous stripes, rather let some of them end when they cross an existing street - narrow them to about 60% in x-direction.
 After deleting those faces, too, we end up with something that already resembles a street map, but this strictly right-angled pattern is maybe yet a bit too rigid - even for an american city. ;-)
 So just move some vertices and you're already getting much closer to a realistic street maze.
 Chamfering faces (like shown in the screenshot) will disable them for growing greeble structures on it. Greeble only accepts triangular and rectangular faces. So abstain from using too many "rounded" street corners.
 Before we start with the buildings, it is essential to assign a Multi/Sub-Object material to the object - for several reasons.
 These submaterials do not need to be anywhere near photoreal. In fact it is best to have just some well distinguishable colors to ease the viewport work.
 It's a great help in general when you are modeling, because as you extrude/bevel/greeble you are often working with quite complex face selections, which you maybe want to quickly access again in a later stage. Assigning unique Material IDs during the modeling process is much easier and reliable than working with named selection sets (which are a pain in the ass, if you want my opinion). When you are working in shaded mode (ideally with "edged faces" turned on). the Multi-Sub-material will provide you with an easy visual feedback on which Material IDs are applied to a surface. Last not least it's also one of the key steps for easily assigning texture coordinates to sub-selection sets (we'll discuss this in part 2 of the tutorial).
 Make sure that you assign the Multi/Sub-Object material to the ENTIRE object (not just a face-subselection, because you would then get an M/S-material within another M/S-material).
 As you can see, all you then have to do is to select faces and assign your desired ID to them. This ID corresponds to the IDs in the Multi/Sub-Material. In this case we assigned the "Base" material to the current face selection. Other faces already received ID5, which represents the lawns on some empty places, where we are not going to plant greeble structures. You can of course use much more IDs/sub-mats, just as how it fits your needs.
 Since greeble-generated buildings are covering the full area of each quad or triangle they are planted on, whe have to get some spaces between the ground faces first. It would just look unrealistic, if a building block would stand wall against wall and had no little alleyways and backyards in between.
 To achieve this, add Greeble to a subselection, disable "widgets", set min. and max. height to 0 and just increase the taper value to about 20. This way we receive an outline for every individual face.
 Now apply Greeble and as before only use "panels", no "widgets". Depending on your scene scale, the values from this example might or might not work. Just tweak it until it looks reasonable. Do not forget to use material ID 2 also here (Greeble defaults to a different ID).
 If you want to edit individual buildings of your finished greeble city as "element" units, it is now the time to "Keep original geometry", as it will allow for detaching them individually from the base object w/o leaving holes later.
   


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